11/18/2023 0 Comments Divinity original sin 2 bless spellIts common adherents, belonging to groups each headed by a spiritual leader, were henceforth known as Hasidim. But when the sect grew and developed specific attributes, from the 1770s, the names gradually acquired a new meaning. The movement founded by Israel Ben Eliezer in the 18th century adopted the term hasidim in the original connotation. Jacob ben Hayyim Zemah wrote in his glossa on Isaac Luria's version of the Shulchan Aruch that, "One who wishes to tap the hidden wisdom, must conduct himself in the manner of the Pious." In the 16th century, when Kabbalah spread, the title also became associated with it. In 12th-century Rhineland, or Ashkenaz in Jewish parlance, another prominent school of ascetics named themselves hasidim to distinguish them from the rest, later research employed the term Ashkenazi Hasidim. The title continued to be applied as an honorific for the exceptionally devout. Adam himself is honored with the title, in tractate Eruvin 18b by Rabbi Meir: "Adam was a great hasid, having fasted for 130 years." The first to adopt the epithet collectively were apparently the hasidim in Second Temple period Judea, known as Hasideans after the Greek rendering of their name, who perhaps served as the model for those mentioned in the Talmud. The phrase denoted extremely devoted individuals who not only observed the Law to its letter, but performed good deeds even beyond it. The Talmud and other old sources refer to the "Pietists of Old" ( Hasidim haRishonim) who would contemplate an entire hour in preparation for prayer. The terms hasid and hasidut, meaning "pietist" and "piety", have a long history in Judaism. As of 2016, there were over 130,000 Hasidic households worldwide, about 5% of the global Jewish population. There are several "courts" with many thousands of member households each, and hundreds of smaller ones. Affiliation is often retained in families for generations, and being Hasidic is as much a sociological factor – entailing birth into a specific community and allegiance to a dynasty of Rebbes – as it is a religious one. The various "courts" share basic convictions, but operate apart and possess unique traits and customs. Reverence and submission to the Rebbe are key tenets, as he is considered a spiritual authority with whom the follower must bond to gain closeness to God. Hasidim, the adherents of Hasidism, are organized in independent sects known as "courts" or dynasties, each headed by its own hereditary leader, a Rebbe. Teachings emphasize God's immanence in the universe, the need to cleave and be one with him at all times, the devotional aspect of religious practice, and the spiritual dimension of corporeality and mundane acts. Hasidic thought draws heavily on Lurianic Kabbalah, and, to an extent, is a popularization of it. Many of the latter, including various special styles of dress and the use of the Yiddish language, are nowadays associated almost exclusively with Hasidism. Its members adhere closely both to Orthodox Jewish practice – with the movement's own unique emphases – and the traditions of Eastern European Jews. Present-day Hasidism is a sub-group within Haredi Judaism and is noted for its religious conservatism and social seclusion. Israel Ben Eliezer, the " Baal Shem Tov", is regarded as its founding father, and his disciples developed and disseminated it. Today, most affiliates reside in Israel and the United States. Hasidism, sometimes spelled Chassidism, and also known as Hasidic Judaism ( Ashkenazi Hebrew: חסידות Ḥăsīdus, originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group that arose as a spiritual revival movement in the territory of contemporary Western Ukraine during the 18th century, and spread rapidly throughout Eastern Europe.
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